Topic 1. History and Dogma of Molecular Biology (Jan 21, 2025 v3)

Introducing genomes, history of molecular biology and time line of genome projects.
(English, Pdf documentPdf).

Supplementary documents:

The Human Genome Project (Hum Mol Genet 2021)

Topic 2. Molecular Structure of DNA (Jan 22, 2025 v3)

DNA chemistry, molecular structure, nucleotides and conformation.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

3D Genome Architecture (Nat Rev Genet 2018)

Topic 3. Genomes (Jan 22, 2025 v3)

Detailed description of viral, viroid, prokaryote, eukaryote and endosymbiont genomes.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Gene organization in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Cell 2002)

Five things to consider before proposing that a circular RNA is a viroid (PLOS 2025)

Topic 4. Epigenetics (Jan 22, 2025 v3)

Nucleosome structure, heterochromatin and euchromatin, histone metilation and acetylation, DNA methylation.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Impact of Epigenetics on Human Health. (Int J Mol Sci 2018)

Topic 5. Replication (Feb 04, 2025 v4)

Replication in eukaryotes, telomerase function, mitochondrial genome replication.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Origins of DNA replication (PLoS Genet 2019)

Functions of eukaryotic DNA polymerases (Sci Aging 2003)

Topic 6. Mutagenesis (Feb 04, 2025 v4)

DNA damage, mutatuin types, repair mechanisms and site directed mutagenesis.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

DNA Damage, Repair, and Mutagenesis (Environ Mol Mutagen 2017)
DNA Damage, Mutagenesis and Cancer. (Int J Mol Sci 2018)
UV mutagenesis. (J Radiat Res 2011)
Transcription-associated mutagenesis. (Annu Rev Genet 2014)
Mitochondrial DNA Mutagenesis. (Curr Environ Health Rep 2021)

Topic 7. Repair Disorders (Jan 28, 2025 v3)

DNA repair-deficiency disorder, Ataxia-telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Cockayne syndromeand others.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Ataxia-Telangiectasia (GeneReviews. 2023)
Fanconi anemia (Ageing Res Rev 2017)
Werner syndrome (Cell Mol Life Sci 2001)
Cockayne Syndrome (GeneReviews 2000)
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Cureus 2022)
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (J Pers Med 2021)

Topic 8. Transcription (Feb 05, 2025 v3)

Prokaryote and Eukaryote transcription, RNA polymerases, amanitins and promotor elements.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Amanitins: The Most Poisonous Molecules (Molecules 2023)
RNA Polymerase II Termination (J Mol Biol 2024)
RNA Polymerase Subunits (Front Biosci 2024 )
Global control of RNA polymerase II. (Biochim Biophys 2024)
RNA Polymerase II Transcription Machinery (Biomolecules 2024)

Topic 9. Transcription Factors (Jan 31, 2025 v3)

Transcription factor types, structral classification and function.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Visualizing transcription (Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019)
Structural dynamics in chromatin. (Biophys Rev 2024)
The Transcriptional Landscape (Biomolecules 2024)
Human B-ZIP proteins (Mol Cell Biol 2002)
Homeobox genes & Cambrian explosion (Zoological Letters 2015)
Human B-ZIP proteins (Mol Cell Biol 2002)

Topic 10. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and ncRNAs (Feb 10, 2025 v3)

Structural and functional overview of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and splicing.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Biological relevance of alternative splicing. (Mol Med 2024)
Therapeutic potential of alternative splicing (EBioMedicine 2024)
Alternative splicing in health & disease (Signal Transduct 2024)
Age-Related Alternative Splicing (Cells 2023)
Splicing disorders (J Appl Genet 2018)
Neurodegenerative splicing diseases (Transl Neuro 2021 )

Topic 11. The Genetic Code (Feb 10, 2025 v3)

Codons and amino acids, redundancy, wobbles, aminoacid nomenclature, alternative codes and biotechnological applications.
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

The Genetic Codes (NCBI 2023)
Origin and evolution of the genetic code (IUBMB Life 2009)
Genetic code expansion (Protein Cell 2024)
Evolution of the genetic code (Transcription 2021)

Topic 12. Translation (Aug 23, 2024 v2)

Ribosome sites, initiation, elongation and termination factors, Kozak consensus and Shine-Dalgarno sites
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Eukaryotic Ribosome Assembly (Annu Rev Biochem 2024)
Decoding and Recoding mRNA (Annu Rev Biophys 2023)
Ribosome-Targeting Antibiotics (Annu Rev Biochem 2018)

Topic 13. RNA interference (Aug 23, 2024 v2)

Discovery, mechanism, siRNA, miRNA, RISC complex, gene silencing, therapeutic applications, challenges, and future directions
(English, Pdf document).

Supplementary documents:

Eukaryotic Ribosome Assembly (Annu Rev Biochem 2024)
Decoding and Recoding mRNA (Annu Rev Biophys 2023)
Ribosome-Targeting Antibiotics (Annu Rev Biochem 2018)